Hungary, in Central Europe, has gained its reputation in the wine world through just a couple of wine styles, but for centuries it has been a wine-producing nation of considerable diversity. In addition to the Sweet wines of Tokaj and the Deep Bull's Blood of Eger, the Hungarian wine portfolio includes Dry whites from the shores of Lake Balaton, Somló and Neszmély, and finer reds from various regions, notably Villány, Sopron and Szekszard.
Hungarian wine culture stretches back to Roman times and has survived numerous political, religious and economic challenges, including Islamic rule during the 16th Century (when Alcohol was prohibited) and the Phylloxera epidemic of the late 1800s.
The modern Hungarian wine regions are distributed around the country.
Sopron, in the north-west, is separated from Tokaj, in the north-east, by 370 kilometers (230 miles) and from Hajós-Baja in the South by about two-thirds of that distance.
Between these key areas lie the country's 22 official wine regions, each of which have their own particular blend of culture, history, Terroir and wine style. The quantity-driven vineyards of the southern plains, for example, are quite distinct from the lakeside vineyards of the west and the foothills of the north-east.
The eastern side of Hungary is Wrapped by the Carpathian Mountains, which have a considerable impact on the local climate, protecting the land from the cold winds that would otherwise blow in from across Poland and western Ukraine.
The generally continental climate is also moderated by lakes Balaton and Neusiedl, allowing for a longer, more temperate growing season.
The most important wine grapes currently grown in Hungary's vineyards are a mixture of traditional, regional varieties and the international varieties of French origin which are better known and more easily marketed. The traditional Hungarian white wine varieties include Furmint and Hárslevelu (the white grapes used in Tokaj), Olaszrizling, Leányka and Kéknyelukekfra. These have been joined lately by a raft of new crossings such as Irsai Olivér, Cserszegi Fuszeres, Zefír and Zenit, a number of which have been created locally by Hungarian ampelographers.
Furmint is a very old Hungarian grape variety. It arrived in France in the 1800s. The bunches of Furmint are of medium size. They are compact and cylindrical. The berries are also of medium size. They are either short elliptical or rounded. Their thick skin changes from greenish white to reddish once the fruit is mature. This grape variety is known throughout the world for being part of the composition of the Hungarian Tokaj vintage. Robust, rich in alcohol and acidity, it needs light soil and a warm, dry climate to be fertile. It must also be pruned short and its budding takes place 7 days after the Chasselas. As for its maturity, it is of the second late period. This grape variety fears grey rot and erinosis. When vinified dry, Furmint produces a very fragrant, fine and highly alcoholic white wine.
white wines from the region of Észak-Dunántúl go well with generally quite well with dishes of pork, rich fish (salmon, tuna etc) or spicy food such as recipes of mushroom, bacon and gruyere quiche, red tuna steak provençal style or julienne fillets in coconut milk.
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